Post harvest losses of maize in ethiopia pdf

Abassa, gabriel ndungurua, peter mamirob, bamidele alenkhec, nicholas mlingia, mateete bekundaa ainternational institute of tropical agriculture iita, regional hub for eastern africa, plot 25, light industrial area, mikocheni b, box 34441, dar es salaam, tanzania. The concept of post harvest loss management that this strategy presents describes an integrated approach to dealing with post harvest losses by bringing together all possible. Since physical damage is the top cause of postharvest losses, the extent of losses depends on the relative susceptibility of the commodity to physical damage. Along the renewed focus on investment in agriculture that began in 2008, there is an increasing interest in effective intervention for post harvest losses phl reduction. Post harvest handling, poor infrastructure, weather variability, biotic factors such as insects and pests, bacteria, pathogens, viruses, and fungi, often aggravate such losses. Magni tudes of this loss along value chain of s elected crops in ethiopia production of th e. Grain storage methods and their effects on sorghum grain. Farmers post harvest grain management choices under liquidity constraints and impending risks. As the fruits and vegetables are perishable, so their chances are more to get spoiled or degraded. Estimates suggest that the magnitude of postharvest loss in ethiopia was.

Besides using appropriate loss assessment methods and understanding the variable nature of losses it is also important to ensure that losses are calculated correctly. Feb 11, 2018 february 10, 2018 a research conducted by jimma university revealed that ethiopia loses over 840 million us dollar from the post harvest loss of four crops. Post harvest losses in africa are often estimated to be between 20 and 40% world bank et al. Postharvest food losses in a maizebased farming system of. Stored maize damage and losses in ethiopia ranged between 11% and 100% and weight loss betwe en 2. Ethiopia had achieved a successive agricultural growth which had increased production and productivity of major grain crops. The first international congress on postharvest loss prevention dear readers, we are happy to publish the proceedings of the first international congress on postharvest loss. Feed the future innovation lab for the reduction of postharvest loss innovation labs directors meeting lilongwe, malawi april 2023, 2015 dirk e. Travel time to market for farmers in ethiopia, kenya. Most of the post harvest practices are not effective in reducing post harvest losses. The government through the ministry of agriculture should start programs aimed at teaching the farmers on proper maize storage and post harvest handling of maize to reduce maize losses. Report on postharvest loss assessment surveyin ethiopia. Cassava, a staple crop critical to food security in. Introduction food grains cereals, pulses and oil crops constitute the major source of food in ethiopia.

In africa, postharvest losses of maize from harvest to market sale are believed to amount to around 1020%. In section 4 we reflect on the results of the various analyses, the rf method used to model post harvest losses and the lsmsisa data used. Post harvest handling postharvest management practices that reduce product loss to spoilage or shrinkage will reduce microbial risks. Post harvest losses reduced yield and quality from pest damage in the field may be. The study focused on four major wheat zones and regions. Postharvest loss of sorghum in four producing woredas in ethiopia.

The study shows that there is a high loss of products yields in ethiopia in quantity and in quality so that it. Post harvest losses occur between the completion of harvest and the moment of human consumption 11. This paper uses selfreported measures from nationally representative household surveys in malawi, uganda, and tanzania. Postharvest handling, poor infrastructure, weather variability, biotic factors such as insects and pests, bacteria, pathogens, viruses, and fungi, often aggravate such losses. Current maize production, postharvest losses and the risk of. Postharvest food losses in a maizebased farming system. Postharvest loss of maize and grain legumes purdue extension. In subsaharan africa post harvest losses in maize and other key grains are roughly. In subsaharan africa alone, up to 150 kgs of food produced is lost per person every year. Approximately 40% of these losses occur storage at the farm and market, 30% during processing drying, threshing, and winnowing, 20% in transport from the field to the homesteadfarm, and the remaining 10% during transport to market.

Estimates suggest that the magnitude of post harvest loss in ethiopia was tremendous ranging from 5% to 26% for different crops 1. To assess the production potential and post harvest losses of fruits and vegetables, a survey research was conducted in tigray regional state, northern ethiopia. Issn 14016249, isbn 9157664692 the majority of peasants in hararghe, eastern ethiopia, store sorghum grain in underground. Farmers answered a detailed questionnaire designed to learn about losses during harvest and transport, processing, and storage and which measures both total losses and reductions in crop quality. The case of postharvest grain losses in subsaharan africa report no. Losses in greenhouse lettuce, cucumber and tomato are similar, but pest damage may necessitate replanting the whole crop. Based on a unique largescale data set on teff production and marketing, ethiopia s most important cash crop, we study post harvest losses in ruralurban value chains, specifically between producers and urban retailers in the capital, addis ababa. Postharvest insect pest of maize such as sitophilus zeamais, s. Section 3 describes 1 the post harvest management of cereals, post harvest losses and their causes in ethiopia. The case of postharvest grain losses in subsaharan africa.

This article is an open access publication abstract recent and systematic evidence on the magnitude of post harvest losses in subsaharan. Cereal postharvest loss was reported by only 10% of these households. This figure is quite large especially for ethiopia where a great majority of people are food insecure. Evaluation of supply chains and post harvest losses of. This information was used to gain insight into the postharvest storage management and the scale, causes and selfreported percentages of postharvest loss in major cereal crops. As shown in the following table, losses in tomatoes ranged from 18 to 22% while losses in onion, potato, and yam ranged from 9 to 12. Evaluation of supply chains and post harvest losses of selected food commodities in ethiopia abstract supply chain management practices and losses in food value chains of three major food commodities in ethiopia milk, teff and warqe or enset were evaluated in this thesis. The report demonstrates that this magnitude of food loss exceeds the value of total food aid received in ssa over the. Post harvest management and postharvest losses of cereals in ethiopia h. Pdf postharvest losses in ethiopia and opportunities for. The first international congress on postharvest loss prevention, oct 47, 2015, rome, italy.

The surrounded side of the maize dented kernel are flinty, but the central core is floury. In subsaharan africa postharvest losses in maize and other key grains are roughly. Postharvest losses of cereal grain in east and southern africa. Reducing post harvest losses agrilearning ethiopia. Despite the steady production of maize over the past three decades, post harvest losses of maize remained significant, up to 3040 % in some rural areas. Although significant variations may exist in the proportions of food lost in the field and during storage, the farmers estimated that the total crop loss from the field until final marketing in the study area was between 25% and 40%. Knowledge, attitude and practice of smallholder men and women farmers, development agents, youths and others on postharvest management improved. Post harvest management and post harvest losses of cereals in ethiopia h. The dented kernel is an intermediate structure between the flinty and the floury types. Maize is the crop with the most data although two data sets in table 1 from ethiopia are for cereal crops in general. In early 2016, a rockefeller foundation grant funded ideas42 to study the behavioral challenges contributing to post harvest loss among smallholder maize farmers in tanzania.

The study shows that there is a high loss of products yields in ethiopia in quantity and in quality so that it will affect the countrys economy. A metaanalysis has been conducted to expose nature and magnitude of phl, and the kinds of interventions that have been attempted to mitigate the losses. Postharvest losses cgiar research program on maize. Feed the future innovation lab for the reduction of post harvest loss innovation labs directors meeting lilongwe, malawi april 2023, 2015 dirk e. Postharvest management and postharvest losses of cereals in. Primary data was gathered from the study areas using a questionnaire, the results of which were used to select 200 wheat farming households for in depth analysis. Pdf postharvest management and postharvest losses of cereals. Technical paper on post harvest losses acfjanuary 2014 page 5 weight losses in traditional postharvest chain crop weight losses in mechanized postharvest chain fig. Selected post harvest loss interventions in africa 1 across africa, fruits and vegetables feature the highest rate of losses as a proportion of productionapproximately 50%. Postharvest loss assessment of maize, wheat, sorghum and haricot.

Post harvest insect pest of maize such as sitophilus zeamais, s. Reducing postharvest losses phl is a key pathway to food and nutrition security in subsaharan africa. In section 4 we reflect on the results of the various analyses, the rf method used to model post harvest losses. Tanzania, maize, postharvest losses, mycotoxins, aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxin. Based on a unique largescale data set on teff production and marketing, ethiopias most important cash crop, we study postharvest losses in ruralurban value chains, specifically between producers and urban retailers in the capital, addis ababa.

Is postharvest loss significant in subsaharan africa. Assessment of production potential and postharvest losses of. Thus, despite significant increases in the area of land under cultivation and the yield per acre over the last two decades, food security in ethiopia remains fragile. Post harvest loss characteristics in the maize based system. Current maize production, postharvest losses and the risk. Fao estimates from 2011 suggest that as much as 37 percent of food produced in subsaharan africa is lost between production and consumption. Factors affecting quality of grain stored in ethiopian. Sep 15, 2017 section 3 describes 1 the post harvest management of cereals, post harvest losses and their causes in ethiopia. Post harvest loss is one of the biggest problems which affects economic growth globally.

Due to this soft structure on the crown it contract more during drying than the hard sides. Y with the external evaluators for issd project report on. Ghana, kenya, malawi, mozambique, zambia, tanzania, burkina faso, nigeria, uganda, ethiopia and mali. Perspectives to reducing postharvest losses of agricultural. July 2002 ii users feedback solicited the authors welcome suggestions for additions to this manual and for changes in the materials included in this edition and will include such changes in the next edition. Ethiopia is subsaharan africas largest grower of wheat, with an estimated area 1. Disclaimer the authors views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the united states. Postharvest management and postharvest losses of cereals. We have highlighted some of these in the table below. Ec807w postharvest loss of maize and grain legumes in subsaharan africa page 2 has the lowest phl, while uganda, nigeria and ethiopia report relatively moderate levels of phl. Manual winnowing is commonly done at the place of threshing which reduces postharvest. Despite the steady production of maize over the past three decades, postharvest losses of maize remained significant, up to 3040 % in some rural areas. Despite this productivity, ethiopia imports more than 1 million tonnes of wheat for domestic consumption, an equivalent amount of wheat to that lost postharvest. Minimizing post harvest losses is vital to increasing ethiopia s food security.

To better understand what is driving phl for maize and legumes, we asked the smallholder farmers in our surveys to report the major source of phl in. Nyando sub county caused by post harvest grain management practices. Storage pests of maize and their status in jimma zone, ethiopia. Ethiopian development research institute post harvest losses in ethiopia. The staple crops studied were cassava, yam, sweet potatoes, maize, rice. Post harvest food losses in a maize based farming system of semiarid savannah area of tanzania adebayo b.

For example, a series of loss figures, for the links in the postharvest chain, can not. Postharvest losses and handling practices of durable and. Postharvest sector challenges and opportunities in ethiopia. Apart from reducing the total amount and quality of food available, phl also. Reducing food losses through improved post harvest management in ethiopia phase 1 fao is implementing a project gcpeth084swi 2017 the outcomescomponents of the project are. Page 2 has the lowest phl, while uganda, nigeria and. Actors post harvest maize handling practices and allied mycoflora epidemiology in southwestern ethiopia. Thus, the production of fruits and vegetables is just at the beginning stage and getting momentum by governmental and nongovernmental organizations. Such losses are a combination of those which occur on the field, in storage, during processing and other marketing activities. A broadbased electronic article search, browsing of hard copies of theses and reports held by universities, research centers, ministries, and nongovernmental organizations ngos as well as. The investment required to reduce phl is relatively modest and the return on that investment rises. In africa, post harvest losses of maize from harvest to market sale are believed to amount to around 1020%. Gender roles in post harvest management along the maize value chain in.

This paper measures farmlevel postharvest losses for three main cropsmaize, soy, and groundnutsamong 1,200 households in malawi. Indeed, this calls for more reliable and verifiable data on post harvest losses obengofori, 2011. Postharvest loss of maize and grain legumes in subsaharan africa. Grain storage methods and their effects on sorghum grain quality in hararghe, ethiopia. Ethiopia is a country with a history of severe famine 19721974, 19841985, and remains dependent on food imports to feed its population. The african postharvest losses information system aphlis core. Kaminski and christiaensen 2014 estimated postharvest losses of maize in east africa. Selected postharvest loss interventions in africa 1 across africa, fruits and vegetables feature the highest rate of losses as a proportion of productionapproximately 50%. Post harvest handling post harvest management practices that reduce product loss to spoilage or shrinkage will reduce microbial risks. Post harvest sector challenges and opportunities in ethiopia shimelis admassu, food technologist, ethiopian agricultural research organization addis ababa, ethiopia agriculture is the mainstay of ethiopia s economy and it provides all the necessary dietary foods, raw materials for food industries and quality products for export market.

Actors postharvest maize handling practices and allied. The significance of postharvest losses in grain crops. In addition, conditional on losses occurring, the loss averages between 5 and 12 percent of the farmers total harvest. The fao food and agriculture organization estimates that rd of food products is lost every year. Compared to nationally representative data that measure losses using a single survey question, this study documents a far greater percentage of farmers experiencing losses, though the unconditional proportion lost is similar. Review of major grains postharvest losses in ethiopia and customization of a loss assessment methodology 7 agricultural value chain. In partnership with the rockefeller foundation and its yieldwise initiative team, ideas42. Estimated losses weight and quality from the postharvest chain for rice in south asia after hodges et al. Until resistant cultivars of tomato became available, this was regularly the case with fusarium crown and root rot.

Taffesse faomafap and ifpriessp international livestock research institute may 17, 2017 addis ababa, ethiopia 1. Feed the future innovation lab for the reduction of post. The first international congress on postharvest loss. Farmers postharvest grain management choices under. A recent report by the world bank world bank, 2011 revealed that, each year, significant volumes of food are lost after harvest in subsaharan africa ssa, the value of which is estimated at usd 4 billion for grains alone. In ethiopia, like in other developing countries post harvest losses, including storage losses is estimated at 526 %. Measuring postharvest losses at the farm level in malawi.

Post harvest losses occur both in quantitative terms, affecting food availability and nutrition security, and in qualitative terms, affecting the food use and utilisation as well as food availability. February 10, 2018 a research conducted by jimma university revealed that ethiopia loses over 840 million us dollar from the post harvest loss of four crops. How to manage postharvest loss working in development. Ethiopian development research institute postharvest losses in ethiopia. Potential for mycotoxinproducing fungi management 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 % fungi genera producers collectors wholesellers results conclusion.

Initiatives, usaids postharvest handling and storage phhs project set out to integrate farmers into commercial marketing channels as a way of driving investment in postharvest technology and process improvements for staple crops, particularly maize, beans, and rice. A significant proportion 40% of roots and tubers are also lost after harvest. Assessment of production potential and postharvest losses. Post harvest loss of sorghum in four producing woredas in ethiopia. Pdf agriculture is important for addressing food security problems in ethiopia. Proceedings of towards a food and nutrition strategy for ethiopia. Initiatives, usaids postharvest handling and storage phhs project set out to integrate farmers into commercial marketing channels as a way of driving investment in post harvest technology and process improvements for staple crops, particularly maize, beans, and rice.